WHO INVENTED GONG FU TEA?……………………

WHO INVENTED GONG FU TEA?…………………………………………………….   China is in the process of applying for Gong Fu Tea to be included in the UNESCO list of Intangible World Cultural Heritage. We wish the Chinese all the luck and much more than that we can also help China be more successful in its application by providing archaeological proofs of the origin and birth date of Gong Fu Tea which so far depended only on one documented and one archaeological proofs which is not strong or sufficient enough to convince UNESCO. And it will be a terrible shame for China if Gong Fu Tea is not listed in UNESCO as one of the Intangible World Cultural Heritage because Gong Fu Tea was the greatest tea culture and at its height in Qian Long’s reign enjoyed a Golden Age which reverberated throughout the world especially Europe which experienced a Chinoiserie craze revolving around tea culture. Ren Fu Collection’s huge archaeological trove of excavated Pre-Daoguang Gong Fu tea wares, found in the Nanyang, proved that Gong Fu Tea was not just confined within the national boundary of China but had great influences around the world. Why was Gong Fu Tea the greatest tea culture in the world?

1. Which tea culture in the world used the finest and best tea leaves produced from the most knowledgeable and experienced processing sources descended from and evolved through thousands of years?
2. Which tea culture in the world used Yixing teapots, which are the best teapot to make tea, the healthiest non-toxic and iron-rich teapot only found in Yixing, China, to make tea.(and the mainstay of Gong Fu Tea was the small Zhuni Pot, the finest of the Zisha Pots)?
3. Which tea culture in the world used the finest, exquisite porcelain Roushen teacups, which were made in Jingdezhen, the world center for porcelain excellence, to drink tea?
4. Not to mention the other exquisite Gong Fu tea wares like exquisite porcelain dishes(tea boats) with Emperor’s reign-marks and calligraphic poems, water boilers(kettles) and exquisite, aesthetically beautiful burners(stoves) with calligraphic poems and designs.
5. Which tea culture in the world incorporated tea ritual, tea art and Cha Dao(meditation on life and philosophy).
6. Most of all, which tea culture in the world maximized the highest quality tea by promoting the highest compatibility between tea and tea wares that was(still is) found only in Gong Fu Tea? And the perfect Gong Fu Tea as shown and archaeologically proven by Ren Fu Collection’s excavated trove of Gong Fu tea wares, was about the best tea leaves brewed in the legendary Small Meng Chen Zhuni Pot and served in the exquisite Roushen teacups including the other remaining part of the ritual set of five tea utensils: the dish, water boiler and burner which together form a complete, mature and sophisticated repertoire of Gong Fu tea wares for the most sublime of tea-drinking experience to suit the demanding and sophisticated taste of the Chinese who invented Gong Fu Tea and who were also the wealthy merchants, traders and Guangrens plying the most prosperous trade route in the world at that time: the Maritime Silk Route( also called the Spice Route) passing through Nanyang. In fact Nanyang was probably becoming the largest global trading center for Chinese tea and Gong Fu tea wares, among other things, at that time of Gong Fu Tea’s birth in Early Kangxi when Jingdezhen opened for business again in 1683( Kangxi 21st year reign) at the end of the Transition Period and when East met West for trade officially resumed.

Yes, Gong Fu Tea was(some say it still is) the greatest tea culture in the world which was the result of thousands of years of evolution from the time in 2737 B.C. when Shennong discovered tea to the Tang Dynasty when the tea sage, Lu Yu, created the first tea art and tea ritual to eventually when Chinese tea culture became a sophisticated, matured and complete cultural entity called  Gong Fu Tea in Early Kangxi which incorporated tea art, tea ritual and Cha Dao. The most advance new tea culture entity which could provide the aesthetic, functional and metaphysical experience in tea drinking that only Gong Fu Tea can provide.   谁发明了工夫茶？…………………………… 中国正在申请将功夫茶列入联合国教科文组织世界非物质文化遗产名录。我们希望中国人好运，不仅如此，我们还可以通过提供有关功夫茶起源和出生日期的考古证据来帮助中国取得更大的成功不足以说服教科文组织。工夫茶如果不被联合国教科文组织列为世界非物质文化遗产之一，对中国来说将是一个可怕的耻辱，因为工夫茶是最伟大的茶文化，在乾隆统治的鼎盛时期享受了一个回荡整个的黄金时代世界,尤其是欧洲经历了一场围绕茶文化的中国风热潮。任富收藏的藏品在南洋出土的大量道光以前工夫茶具考古宝库，证明了工夫茶不仅局限在中国国界之内，而且在世界范围内也有很大的影响。   为什么工夫茶是世界上最伟大的茶文化？

1. 世界上哪种茶文化使用了最上乘、最上乘的茶叶，这些茶叶是由数千年来最有知识和最有经验的加工来源所生产的？

2.世界上哪个茶文化用宜兴茶壶，这是最好的泡茶茶壶，中国宜兴最健康的无毒富铁茶壶泡茶。（和功夫茶的中流砥柱）是紫砂壶中最好的小朱泥壶？

3. 世界上哪个茶文化用世界瓷器中心景德镇出产的上等、精美的瓷器若深茶杯来喝茶？

4、其他精美的工夫茶具，如精美的年号和书法诗文瓷碟（茶舟）、开水器（水壶）和精美美观的书法诗文炉具（炉）。

5. 世界上哪些茶文化融合了茶道、茶艺和茶道（人生观和哲学观）。
6. 最重要的是，世界上哪种茶文化通过促进茶与茶器之间的最高兼容性而最大限度地提高了最高品质的茶，而这在当时（仍然）只存在于工夫茶中？任富收藏出土的工夫茶具，经考古证实，完美的工夫茶，大约是传说中的小孟臣朱泥壶中冲泡出的最好的茶叶，并盛在精致的若深茶杯中，包括其余部分。五种茶具：盘、烧水器、炉具，共同构成了一套完整、成熟、精致的工夫茶具，提供最崇高的饮茶体验，以适应中国人苛刻和精致的口味他发明了工夫茶，也是当时世界上最繁荣的商路：海上丝绸之路（又称香料之路）穿越南洋的富商、商人和官人。事实上，南洋国家可能正在成为全球最大的中国茶叶和工夫茶具贸易中心，其中包括康熙初年工夫茶诞生之时，当时景德镇于 1683 年（康熙二十一年）在过渡期结束，当东西方贸易正式恢复。

是的，功夫茶是（有人说现在仍然是）世界上最伟大的茶文化，它是从公元前 2737 年开始经过数千年演变的结果。从神农发现茶到唐代，茶圣陆羽创造了第一个茶艺和茶礼，到康熙初期，中国茶文化成为一种精巧、成熟、完整的文化实体，称为工夫茶，融入了茶艺、茶道和茶道于一体。最先进的新茶文化实体，提供只有功夫茶才能提供的饮茶审美、功能和形而上学的饮茶体验。   Functionality notwithstanding, so aesthetic was Gong Fu tea wares’s physical charm that the beautiful and dainty teapots and  teacups practically knocked the socks off, so to speak,  the aristocracies and even the royals in Europe especially the King of Saxony, Augustus the Strong.(as evident by his collection today) who all wanted to own the coveted Gong Fu tea wares which resulted in the Chinoiserie craze in Europe which peaked during Qian Long’s reign. Now today something that has never been done by anyone before, Ren Fu Collection as promised will share with you people of the learning world a sensational archaeological discovery of who invented Gong Fu Tea. We treat this discovery as sensational but not monumental like the monumental archaeological discovery of Hui Meng Chen’s legendary Small Zhuni Pot and what sparked off Gong Fu Tea, two of the greatest Chinese tea culture mysteries, because as long as it was China or the Chinese who invented Gong Fu Tea, we do not care so much which Chinese race invented it which we are sure all proud Chinese share the same feeling. But before we inform the scholars, professors and historians conducting study and research on Chinese tea culture in universities and museums in mainland China and elsewhere in the world about Ren Fu Collection’s two great archaeological discoveries and the huge trove of archaeological proofs to back the discoveries, we are going to share a part of the big, monumental archaeological story with you as we promised in “ Ren Fu Collection’s greatest gift to the world in 2022, the Year of the Tiger.” Ladies and Gentlemen, who invented Gong Fu Tea? Let’s hear what the Chao Zhou and Fujian people have to say first before we let Ren Fu Collection’s huge archaeological trove answer the above question. The Chao Zhou people said they invented Gong Fu Tea. And the Fujian people say no, the Chao Zhou people did not invent Gong Fu Tea, it was the Fujian people who invented Gong Fu Tea. We would like to say something concerning their claims. Sometimes in an effort to win the minds of the learning audience of the world, some scholarly people created a historical story or stories that did not exist but sounds believable and logical like for example the famous Taiwanese scholar Huang Qian Liang who wrongly presented to the world two very flawed hypotheses that Hui Meng Chen must be an Early Qing Master Potter in the book, “ Appreciation of Zisha Teapots” and Pan-Hus were made by a Guangzhou businessman and Guangren named Pan Shi Cheng during Daoguang’s reign and the Taiwanese scholar even created a detailed historical story that did not exist namely, the Pan-Hu maker’s birth in Jiaqing 9th year reign and death in Tongzhi 12th year reign in the book titled, “ The Study of Yixing Teapots During the Ming and Qing Dynasties”. Where and how did Huang Qian Liang get the information and came to the two conclusions are beyond our imagination but the Tianqi 7th Year reign Hui Meng Chen Pot in the Victoria and Albert Museum, London and Ren Fu Collection’s archaeological trove of exact-dated Pan-Hus which pointed to the Pan-Hu’s Yongzheng/Early Qian Long Niande(period) both totally destroyed Huang Qian Liang’s hypotheses or guessworks. And lots of other flawed theories about Old Zisha Hu abound in books, PHD research thesis claims, on-line blogs and even auctions where unsubstantiated claims about Old Zisha Hus were often made. Of course sometimes guessworks can be correct like for examples the Chinese scholars claim that Gong Fu Tea and Roushen teacups started in Early Kangxi which are backed up or proven by Ren Fu Collection’s huge archaeological trove. Some of the arguments or ‘proofs’ that the Chao Zhou scholars provided was that they claimed historical records suggest that people in Chaozhou and Shantou had been tea consumers since the Song Dynasty and a large number of tea rooms were already in place during the Song and Ming dynasties. Some Chao Zhou scholars believe that it was Chao Zhou in the Chaoshan region in Guangdong which started this particular part of tea culture called Gong Fu Tea and oral history from the 1940s still referred to Gong Fu Cha as “Chaoshan Gong Fu Cha” and regardless of the earliest incidence of the approach, the place( Chaoshan) that first successfully integrated it(Gong Fu Cha) into daily life is recognized by some as the “Capital of Gong Fu Tea”. Another believed Gong Fu Tea was created in Chao Zhou and travelled to Fujian and from Fujian to Taiwan and back to mainland China.Or still the Chao Zhou say the Gong Fu tea wares like the burners and water boilers were made in Chaoshan with Chaoshan clay.The Fujian scholars also claim they invented Gong Fu Tea because Gong Fu Tea began in Wuyi in Fujian where the production of oolong tea for export began. So if anyone drank tea anywhere in China then they can claim Gong Fu Tea started there or if any Gong Fu tea wares was/were made there then they can claim Gong Fu Tea began there which means if the ceramic teacups or porcelain dishes were made in Jingdezhen then Gong Fu Tea must have started in Jingdezhen or if Zisha Pots were made in Yixing, then Gong Fu Tea must have originated in Yixing? Some Fujians said since the only Gong Fu tea wares excavated in mainland China was the Ming Yuan Zhuni Pot and Roushen teacups found in the Qian Long 23rd year reign(A.D.1726)grave of Lan Gui Wei in ZhangPu County, Fujian was archaeological proof Gong Fu Tea started in Fujian. Sorry all these claims are either unfounded, unsubstantiated or without any concrete evidences like documented or archaeological proofs. The archaeologically excavated Gong Fu Ming Yuan Zhuni Pot and Roushen teacups from Lan Gui Wei’s grave would be a stronger and more definite proof if the the grave was Kangxi or even better Early Kangxi when Gong Fu Tea was known to have started. UNESCO panel of experts who decide what get listed in its list of intangible World Cultural Heritage are professional people with great knowledge, training and intelligence who make decision based on concrete proofs like archaeological or documented proofs and not claims from scholars who said what they believe or what they think because UNESCO does not accept what people think or believe, UNESCO wants archaeological or documented proofs.   尽管功能性强，但工夫茶具的美学魅力在于精美精致的茶壶和茶杯几乎可以说是欧洲的贵族甚至皇室成员，尤其是萨克森国王奥古斯都。从他今天的收藏中可以看出,谁都想拥有梦寐以求的工夫茶具，这导致了欧洲的中国风热潮，在乾隆统治时期达到了顶峰。 今天，前人未曾做过的事，任富收藏如约而至，将与各位学界人士分享一个关于功夫茶是谁发明者的轰动考古发现。我们将这一发现视为耸人听闻，但并不像惠孟臣传奇的小朱泥壶的巨大考古发现以及引发中国茶文化两大谜团的工夫茶那样具有里程碑意义，因为只要是中国或中国人发明了功夫茶，我们并不在乎哪个中国人发明了它，我们相信所有自豪的中国人都有同样的感受。 但在我们通知在中国大陆和世界其他地方的大学和博物馆，对中国茶文化进行研究的学者、教授和历史学家之前，任富收藏的两大考古发现以及支持这些发现的大量考古证据，正如我们在“2022 年虎年任富收藏给世界的最大礼物”中所承诺的，我们将与您分享这个巨大的、具有纪念意义的考古故事的一部分。   女士们先生们，谁发明了功夫茶？ 让我们先听听潮州人和福建人怎么说，再让任富收藏的庞大考古宝库来回答上述问题。 潮州人说他们发明了功夫茶。而福建人说不，不是潮州人发明了功夫茶，是福建人发明了功夫茶。我们想谈谈他们的主张。有时，一些学者为了博得全世界有学问的听众的心，编造一个或多个不存在但听起来可信、合乎逻辑的历史故事，例如台湾著名学者黄健亮错误地呈现给世界《紫砂壶鉴赏》和《潘壶》书中关于惠孟臣一定是清初陶艺大师的两个非常有缺陷的假设是道光年间官人潘仕成提出的，台湾学者甚至创造了在《明清宜兴茶壶研究》一书中，有一个不存在的详细历史故事，即潘仕成清代嘉庆九年出生，同治十二年逝世。黄健亮是从哪里得到的信息，以及如何得出这两个结论的，超出了我们的想象，但伦敦维多利亚和阿尔伯特博物馆的明代天启七年惠孟臣壶和任富收藏的考古宝库中的确切年代，潘壶所指的潘壶是清雍正/乾隆初期（时期），都彻底颠覆了黄健亮的假说或猜测。在书籍、博士研究论文声称、在线博客甚至拍卖中，关于老紫砂壶的许多其他有缺陷的理论比比皆是，其中经常对老紫砂壶提出未经证实的说法。当然，有时猜测也可能是正确的，例如中国学者声称工夫茶和若深茶杯始于康熙初期，这得到了任富收藏的巨大考古宝藏的支持或证明。   潮州学者提供的一些论据或“证据”是，他们声称历史记录表明潮州和汕头的人自宋代以来就是饮茶的，并且在宋代和明代已经有大量的茶室。一些潮州学者认为，是广东潮汕地区的潮州人开创了这一名为工夫茶的茶文化，从 1940 年代口述历史至今仍称工夫茶为“潮汕工夫茶”。该方法最早发生的地方（潮汕）首先成功地将其（工夫茶）融入日常生活，被一些人称为“工夫茶之都”。另一个认为工夫茶是在潮州创造的，然后从福建到台湾再回到中国大陆。或者潮州人仍然说工夫茶具如炉子和开水器是在潮汕用潮汕粘土制成的。福建学者还声称他们发明了功夫茶，因为功夫茶起源于福建武夷，那里开始生产出口乌龙茶。因此，如果有人在中国的任何地方喝过茶，那么他们可以声称功夫茶是从那里开始的，或者如果任何功夫茶器具是/曾经在那里制作的，那么他们可以声称功夫茶是从那里开始的。那么，如果陶瓷茶杯或瓷盘是在景德镇做的，那么功夫茶一定起源于景德镇，或者如果紫砂壶是在宜兴做的，那么功夫茶一定起源于宜兴？有福建人说，由于中国大陆出土的工夫茶具只有福建漳浦县蓝国威官人清乾隆二十三年（公元1726年）墓出土的陈鸣远小朱泥壶和若深茶杯，是工夫茶具的考古证据。茶起源于福建。对不起，所有这些说法要么没有根据，要么没有任何具体的证据，如文件或考古证据。蓝国威墓出土的工夫鸣远款朱泥壶和若深茶杯，如果坟墓是康熙，甚至是知道工夫茶开始的康熙早期，将是更有力和更确凿的证据。联合国教科文组织的专家小组决定哪些项目被列入其非物质世界文化遗产名录，他们是具有丰富知识、训练和智慧的专业人士，他们根据考古或书面证据等具体证据做出决定，而不是根据学者所说的他们相信或他们的想法，因为教科文组织不接受人们的想法或信仰，教科文组织需要考古或书面证据。   However there is a Fujian claim that could be used and the only one acceptable for consideration which implied Gong Fu Tea started in Fujian, China. Yang Li Ren, a distinguished professor of Zhangzhou University of Science and Technology wrote and this is a part or extract of his story/thesis we have chosen: The earliest written record of the method of making tea  is found in the book titled, “ Min Suo Ji”, written by Peng Guang Dou, a retired magistrate of Yong’an County, Fujian in the Early Qing Dynasty (Qian Long 31st Year Reign or 1766). In it he described meeting an old Fujian man drinking Wuyi tea from small teacups and brewed in small Lantern-shaped Pot(most likely small Lantern-shaped Meng Chen Zhuni Pot) and thereafter surprised to see many old people in Longxi(modern Zhangzhou) infatuated with drinking oolong tea(one kind of Wuyi tea) in small pots and cups.(see extract from book) And there are also other stories but we choose this part of the story based on documented proof because Ren Fu Collection’s huge archaeological trove has many Gong Fu tea wares excavated from graves and tombs belonging to Fujians from Longxi, Fujian(also called Zhangzhou nowadays). But most amazing of all, we discovered the earliest Gong Fu tea wares belonged to Fujians and not just any Fujian but Fujians from a certain part of Fujian province, namely, Longxi or other area of modern-day Zhangzhou. Distinguished professor Yang Li Ren also noticed: Yu Jiao, a native of Zhejiang Province, wrote(in 1793-1800) about Gong Fu tea but it was at least 30 years later than Peng Guang Dou’s book, “Min Suo Ji” which means the Fujian version is more reliable proof because it was earlier and nearer to Early Kangxi, the timeline of the beginning of Gong Fu Tea. What are the archaeological proofs that Ren Fu Collection has to convince the scholars, professors or PHD-level academic guests especially the likes from UNESCO who are going to be invited to Ren Fu Collection’s coming exclusive exhibition? Firstly as all of you know by now, what is claimed or believed by Chinese tea culture scholars and experts that is Gong Fu Tea started in Early Kangxi: we are very happy to say Ren Fu Collection’s huge archaeological trove of Gong Fu tea wares have proven beyond any doubt that it was indeed in Early Kangxi that Gong Fu Tea began.(for those learners who did not know or follow, please refer to Ren Fu Collection’s previous postings). In fact, truth be told, without the discovery of Gong Fu Tea, we would not have so vividly so unwaveringly in our judgement saw a profound connection that led to the greatest Chinese tea culture discovery of all times: the archaeological discovery of the real Small Meng Chen Zhuni Pot which inspired Gong Fu Tea. And even though finding Gong Fu Tea and the Small Meng Chen Zhuni Pot which sparked it off are the most important, we also possess archaeological proofs who invented Gong Fu Tea. Before Ren Fu Collection appeared on the scene, the only documented proof of who created Gong Fu Tea is found in the distinguished professor Yang Li Ren’s research finding in which he quoted the book written by a magistrate in Yong’an, Fujian Province in 1766(Qian Long 31st Year Reign) titled, “Min Suo Ji”. The book was a truthful caricature of Fujian tea culture during Qian Long’s reign in which people especially old Fujian people were seen everywhere drinking tea from small teacups and brewed in small teapots resembling Gong Fu Tea. This recorded events in Fujian tea culture history are admissible as proofs but would be stronger and very convincing if the events took place in Kangxi or even to put it beyond any doubt if it’s in Early Kangxi when Gong Fu Tea began. Yes Ladies and Gentlemen, Ren Fu Collection has the perfect archaeological proofs and not just all the perfect archaeological proofs beyond any reasonable doubt that Fujians started Gong Fu Tea because we also have sensational proof that it was a Fujian who owned the real Small Meng Chen Zhuni Pot No:387 which must in a way not only point to the fact that the Fujian was the earliest collector of the earliest Small Meng Chen Zhuni Pot but also reinforced implicitly the fact that it was the Fujian who invented Gong Fu Tea. See timeline of excavated Meng Chen Zhuni Pots belonging to Fujian below:  

1. The earliest known and archaeologically excavated Small Zhuni Meng Chen Zhuni Pot belonged to a Fujian who died in Shunzhi/Late Chongzhen.(refer to Pot No:387).
2. The Early Kangxi graves/tombs with Gong Fu tea wares belonged to Fujians and no Gong Fu tea wares were found in non-Fujian Early Kangxi graves/tombs so far.
3. The Middle to Late Kangxi graves/tombs with Gong Fu tea wares belonged again to Fujians and the non-Fujian graves/tombs especially Guangdong/Chao Zhou graves contained non-Gong Fu tea wares like solitary Zisha/Zhuni Pot, burner and water boiler without Pot/teacups or just a single cauldron or nothing at all. (Note: We know through our vast knowledge and experiences of excavating thousands of graves/tombs that we can tell grave or tombs were Fujian just by looking at the epitaphs or grave courts or excavated things like oyster shells, fish hooks, etc..or a Fujian family burial ground or a general big old Fujian burial site. Maybe there were one or two non-Fujian graves that possessed Gong Fu tea wares but we could not find one).
4. Yongzheng and Qian Long started to see mixed Chinese graves/tombs(that were Fujians, Cantonese, Chao Zhou, Guangxi, Hainanese, Jiangsu, Jiangxi etc..) containing Gong Fu tea wares even though the graves/tombs were mostly Fujian.
5. In Jiaqing and especially Daoguang graves/tombs mostly Guangdong( Cantonese and Chao Zhou), Gong Fu tea wares containing Santoh Zhuni Pot were found.

      然而，有一个福建声称可以使用，也是唯一可以考虑的，这意味着功夫茶起源于中国福建。漳州科技大学特聘教授杨立仁写道，这是我们选择的他的故事/论文的一部分或摘录： 最早的制茶方法记载于清初（乾隆三十一年）福建永安县退休县令彭光斗所著的《民锁记》。或 1766）。文中描述遇见一位福建老人，用小茶杯喝武夷茶，用小灯笼壶（很可能是小灯笼孟臣款朱泥壶，然后惊讶地看到陇西（今漳州）的许多老人迷恋上了。用小壶和杯子喝乌龙茶（一种武夷茶）。（见书摘录） 还有其他的故事，但我们选择这部分故事是基于文献证据，因为任富收藏的巨大考古宝库中有许多从福建龙溪（也称为漳州）福建人的坟墓和墓葬中出土的工夫茶具。但最令人惊奇的是，我们发现最早的工夫茶具属于福建人，而不是任何一个福建人，而是来自福建省某地区的福建人，即龙溪或今漳州其他地区。著名教授杨立仁也注意到：浙江人于蛟（1793-1800）写了关于功夫茶的文章，但比彭光斗的《民锁记》晚了至少30年。福建版较早，更接近于康熙初期，即功夫茶开始的时间线。 任富收藏有哪些考古证据能够说服即将受邀参加任富收藏独家展览的学者、教授或博士级学术嘉宾，尤其是联合国教科文组织的学者？ 首先，众所周知，中国茶文化学者和专家所声称或相信的功夫茶始于康熙初期：我们很高兴地说，任富收藏的巨大的功夫茶具考古宝库已经证明毋庸置疑，工夫茶的确是在康熙初期开始的。（不知道或不了解的人，请参阅《任富收藏》以前的在线贴文）。事实上，说实话，如果没有工夫茶的发现，我们就不会如此生动地、如此坚定地判断出一个深刻的联系，从而导致了中国茶文化有史以来最伟大的发现：真正的小号的考古发现。惠孟臣朱泥壶，启发了功夫茶。虽然找到功夫茶和引发它的小孟臣朱泥壶是最重要的，但我们也拥有发明功夫茶的考古证据。 在《任富收藏》现身之前，唯一有文献记载的工夫茶是谁创造的，是著名教授杨立仁的研究成果，他引用了1766年福建省永安县知县的著作（乾隆三十一年）题为《闽锁记》。这本书是对乾隆年间福建茶文化的真实写照，随处可见人们，尤其是福建老人，用小茶杯喝茶，用小茶壶泡茶，形似工夫茶。福建茶文化史记载的事件，可以作为佐证，但如果事件发生在康熙，甚至是在工夫茶开始的康熙初期，就更具有说服力和说服力了。 是的，女士们，先生们，任富收藏有完美的考古证据，而不仅仅是所有完美的考古证据，毫无疑问，福建人开始了功夫茶，因为我们也有耸人听闻的证据，证明是福建人拥有真正的小孟臣朱泥壶号：387，在一定程度上不仅指出了福建是最早的小孟臣朱泥壶的最早收藏者，而且含蓄地强调了福建人发明了功夫茶的事实。出土在福建省孟臣朱泥壶时间轴如下：  

1. 已知最早出土的小孟臣朱泥壶为福建人，死于顺治/崇祯晚期。（见壶号：387）。

2、康熙早期墓葬出土的工夫茶具属于福建人，目前非福建省康熙早期墓葬中未发现工夫茶具。

3. 康熙中后期工夫茶具的墓葬又归福建人所有，非福建墓葬尤其是广东/潮州墓葬有非工夫茶具，如紫砂壶（朱泥壶）、炉具和水锅、茶杯或只有一个大锅或根本没有的锅炉。 （注：我们知道通过我们丰富的知识和电子出土几千个坟墓的经历，只要看墓志铭或墓地，或出土的蚌壳、鱼钩之类的东西，就知道是福建人的坟墓。 福建墓地。 也许有一两个非福建人的坟墓里有工夫茶具，但我们找不到一个）。
4. 雍正和乾隆开始看到混杂的中国坟墓/坟墓（即福建人、广东人、潮州人、广西人、海南人、江苏人、江西人等），尽管这些坟墓/坟墓大多是福建人。

5.在嘉庆尤其是道光墓葬中，多为广东（潮州），发现了含有汕头朱泥壶的工夫茶具。   Now, why Chao Zhou people could not have invented Gong Fu Tea are because：

1. Until now no Chao Zhou graves in Early Kangxi contain Gong Fu tea wares.
2. Until now no Chao Zhou graves even in Middle and Late Kangxi contain Gong Fu tea wares.(even though there possibly could be one or two but we could not find one)
3. Even when Gong Fu tea wares were found in Chao Zhou/Guangdong graves of the Qian Long period, most of the finest Gong Fu tea wares belonged to Fujians and not Chao Zhou or Guangdong people.
4. Daoguang Chao Zhou graves/tombs in Thailand contained mostly Gong Fu Santoh Zhuni Pots.(the finest quality Santoh Zhuni Pots were found in Qian Long reign).
5. Santoh Zhuni Pots were created in Yongzheng/Early Qian Long to be either a part of Gong Fu Tea or possibly separately as Chao Zhou Gong Fu Cha to compete with or provide a cheaper alternative to Fujian Gong Fu Tea.

  Now, even without the hard, concrete archaeological evidences provided by Ren Fu Collection, we can also give you another explanation or extra circumstantial proofs if you prefer, why Fujian must easily be a center of Gong Fu Tea in Early Kangxi and Guangdong the Capital of Chao Zhou Gong Fu Cha  in Daoguang?(tea was from the Fujian word ‘teh’ and ‘Cha’ is Guangdong) which can fit in nicely into the big picture: Gong Fu Tea started not just anywhere in Fujian but Zhangzhou because Zhangzhou(old name Longxi) is located in a perfect confluence point of the sources of Gong Fu tea and tea wares, namely, Wuyi tea from Wuyi Mountains in North Fujian province, porcelain teacups and dishes from Jingdezhen just North of and next to Wuyi Mountain, burners and water boilers from Chaoshan on the nearby eastern flank, next to Zhangzhou and as for Zhuni Pots, archaeological excavation in Shushan has proven were not made in Yixing and since Fujian province( including Taiwan) was the last places of political refuge for the retreating NanMing forces before the invading Qing forces,  we can safely assumed were made either in Jingdezhen which is very likely or Fujian which is less likely but possible.(see our charted map of Early Qing Zhangzhou as pioneer Gong Fu Tea hub). Bearing in mind also Hui Meng Chen invented his Small Zhuni Pot in Late Chongzhen/Shunzhi and Gong Fu Tea started in Early Kangxi, both of which happened in the Transition Period where the Ming system of large-scale manufacturing in the Imperial porcelain factories, with orders and payments coming mainly from the Imperial Court, finally collapsed, and officials in charge had to turn themselves from obedient civil servants into businessmen overnight, seeking private customers, including foreign trading companies from Europe, Japanese merchants, and domestic customers. Put it another way, from 1620 to 1683, the Imperial Court ceased to support the official kilns, which were left to find their own funds from other markets, Jingdezhen was closed for official business and left to its own device, orders continued unabated for its wares abet in an erratic and chaotic manner where little documentations or records were kept which made this period the most difficult period to study and do research. Now we know from Ren Fu Collection’s huge archaeological trove of excavated Early Qing Gong Fu tea wares that there were huge demand for Gong Fu tea and Gong Fu tea wares abroad especially in the Nanyang which particularly made Zhangzhou very suitable as a ‘Gong Fu’ tea and tea wares trading hub for the near and far markets like the Nanyang and Europe.. And even in 1683 when Jingdezhen resumed official production of porcelain by Emperor Kangxi’s order, Zhangzhou continued to prosper trading in Gong Fu tea and tea wares.(as evident in the Ren Fu Collection’s excavated Early Qing Gong Fu tea wares belonging to Chinese mostly Fujians). However it was only in the Middle Qing that saw huge emigration of Guangdong people to the Nanyang especially Malaysia and Chao Zhou people to Thailand, who brought with them another form of Gong Fu Tea which used Santoh Zhuni Pot instead of Zhuni Pot to make Gong Fu Tea as evident by  Ren Fu Collection’s excavated Daoguang Gong Fu tea wares comprising Santoh Zhuni Pots. In Guangdong parlance you can call it Gong Fu Cha instead of Gong Fu Tea.(tea is derived from the Fujian word teh). We will go into more detail about the rise of Santoh Zhuni Hus and possibly the rise of Chao Zhou Gong Fu Cha too in the following chapter. Before that and to end this chapter more completely or comprehensively, after we have proven Gong Fu Tea in Early Kangxi was invented by Fujian People, we would like to ask a few interesting questions: Firstly, we know Gong Fu Tea was purely inspired or sparked off by the invention of Hui Meng Chen’s legendary Small Zhuni Pot where the down-sized Zhuni Pot( note: Zhuni Pots were made small Unlike Zisha Pots which could be made big, Zhuni Pots were made small because of cracking after firing) created a domino effect on the sizes of the other tea wares especially the teacups which became proportionally smaller too. Secondly, we saw Gong Fu tea wares appearing everywhere, domestically in mainland China(as evident by unearthed and archaeologically excavated Gong Fu tea wares in ZhangPu county, Fujian Province) and overseas in Nanyang(as evident by Ren Fu Collection’s huge archaeological trove of Gong Fu tea wares) and Gong Fu tea wares(mainly Yixing teapots and teacups) found in Pre-Daoguang Europe which indicated Gong Fu Tea could have a major business dimension in which Gong Fu tea wares together with the Wuyi tea were marketed locally and abroad without any competition due to its uniqueness, most superior qualities( Gong Fu tea wares made of Yixing clay and porcelain found only in China and made in Jingdezhen known then as world center of porcelain excellence) and most of Gong Fu tea wares’ s functional and aesthetic qualities.   现在，为什么潮州人不能发明功夫茶是因为：

1. 清康熙初期潮州墓至今无工夫茶具。
2. 直到清康熙中后期的潮州墓葬都没有工夫茶具。

3.即使在清乾隆时期广东汕头墓葬中发现工夫茶具时，最好的工夫茶具也大多属于福建人，而不是潮州人或广东人。

4. 泰国清代道光潮州墓葬多为工夫汕头朱泥壶。（品质最好的汕头朱泥壶出土于乾隆时期）。
5. 汕头朱泥壶是在清雍正/乾隆早期创建的，既可以作为功夫茶的一部分，也可以单独作为潮州功夫茶与福建功夫茶竞争或提供更便宜的替代品。

  现在，即使没有“任富收藏”提供的确凿的考古证据，我们也可以给你另一种解释或额外的间接证据，为什么福建一定很容易成为康熙初期的功夫茶中心和广东的首都。道光的潮州工夫茶？（茶来自福建字“teh”，“茶”是广东）可以很好地融入大局： 工夫茶不仅起源于福建的任何地方，而且起源于漳州，因为漳州（旧名龙溪）地处工夫茶和茶具的完美交汇点，即闽北武夷山的武夷茶、瓷茶杯武夷山北侧景德镇的菜肴、东侧潮汕、漳州附近的炉头、烧水锅、竹山出土的竹窑，都证明不是宜兴、福建以后出土的。包括台湾）是南明军队在入侵清军之前撤退的最后政治避难所，我们可以有把握地假设是在景德镇，这很可能或福建，可能性较小但可能。（见我们的早期图表地图清漳州为先驱工夫茶集散地）。铭记惠孟臣在崇祯末/顺治发明了他的小朱泥壶，在康熙初期开始了功夫茶，这两者都发生在明代皇家瓷厂大规模制造的过渡时期，与主要来自朝廷的命令和付款最终崩溃，负责官员不得不在一夜之间从听话的公务员变成商人，寻找私人客户，包括来自欧洲的外国贸易公司，日本商人和国内客户。或者说，从1620年到1683年，朝廷不再支持官窑，任由官窑从外地自筹资金，景德镇停业，任人宰割，订单不减。商品以不稳定和混乱的方式助长，几乎没有保存任何文件或记录，这使得这一时期成为学习和研究最困难的时期。现在我们从任富收藏的大量出土的清初工夫茶具考古宝库中得知，国外尤其是南洋国家对工夫茶和工夫茶具的需求量很大，这使得漳州非常适合作为“工夫”茶。以及南洋和欧洲等远近市场的茶具贸易中心。甚至在1683年景德镇受康熙皇帝的命令恢复正式生产瓷器时，漳州继续繁荣的工夫茶和茶具贸易。（显然任富收藏出土的清初工夫茶具，多属福建人）。 然而直到清朝中期，广东人大量移民到南洋，特别是马来西亚和潮州人到泰国，他们带来了另一种形式的功夫茶，用汕头朱泥壶代替宜兴朱泥壶来制作功夫茶。任富收藏出土的道光工夫茶具，包括汕头朱泥壶。在广东话中，你可以称它为工夫茶而不是工夫茶。（茶源自福建字“ teh”）。我们将在下一章更详细地介绍 汕头朱泥壶的兴起以及潮州工夫茶的兴起。 在此之前，为了更完整或更全面地结束本章，在我们证明康熙初期功夫茶是福建人发明之后，我们想问几个有趣的问题： 首先，我们知道工夫茶纯粹是受惠孟臣传奇的小朱泥壶发明的启发或激发的。由于烧制后开裂而变小）对其他茶具的尺寸产生了多米诺骨牌效应特别是茶杯也按比例变小了（在一个相互联系的系统中，一个很小的初始能量就可能产生一系列的连锁反应，人们把这种现象称为“多米诺骨牌效应”或“多米诺效应”）。 其次，我们看到功夫茶具随处可见，中国大陆国内（福建漳浦县出土和考古发掘的功夫茶具）和南阳海外（任富收藏的大量功夫茶具的考古宝藏）以及道光之前欧洲发现的功夫茶具（主要是宜兴茶壶和茶杯），这表明功夫茶可能有一个主要业务功夫茶具和武夷茶在国内外市场上的规模没有任何竞争，因为其独特性、最优越的品质（仅在中国发现的宜兴粘土和瓷器制成的功夫茶具，在当时被称为世界瓷器卓越中心的景德镇制造）和大多数功夫茶具的功能和美学品质。     The interesting questions are: how did and why did Gong Fu Tea become such a very sophisticated, complete  and matured tea art( in such a short span of time? (considering the time lapsed between the invention of the Small Meng Chen Zhuni Pot in Shunzhi/Late Chongzhen and the start of Gong Fu Tea in Early Kangxi =<>40 years) Surely, one of the answers  if not the biggest reason, must be the big incentive of making money again especially after the ‘hungers’ created by the money-depleting wars and the opportunity of supplying the insatiable foreign markets like Japan, Nanyang and Europe while at the same time proudly showing off to the world the sublime Fujian’s creation in particular and  great Chinese tea culture in general. Whether Gong Fu Tea was created as a result of a big business opportunity first and metamorphosed into tea art later or the other way round: tea art first and then on realization of Gong Fu tea wares’s market potential, transformed into a big business  We will share these archaeological discoveries with the experts of Chinese tea culture in universities and museums and hope they can shed more light and insights into this opaque Transition Period than we could based on the biggest archaeological trove in the world found only in Ren Fu Collection. And also in the exclusive exhibition where only invited guests like PHD researchers, professors and scholars of universities and museums, we will show archaeological proofs of Gong Fu Tea, its Fujian founders and the Fujian owner of Pot No:387. Lastly but not the least, why wasn’t Gong Fu Tea which was such a monumental and hugely successful tea culture, documented by any tea culture scholar or historian? Was it because of the wars in the Transitional Period or other reasons? Anyhow, the only documented history of Gong Fu Tea was found in the book written by a Fujian magistrate in Yong’an County, Fujian in 1766( Qian Long 31st Year Reign) called “ Min Suo Ji” who depicted the everyday life of the tea drinking Fujian old folks at that time but not earlier like for example in Early Kangxi or around that time of Gong Fu Tea’s founding. Note: Our findings included recognizing the fact that Gong Fu Tea did not start as a sudden complete and matured knowledge of tea art or tea ritual, or a formal or socially recognized tea art or tea ritual whatever the case might be, but a gradual development or improvement revolving around one common denominator, the Small Meng Chen Zhuni Pot, from the founding  Kangxi period to the most matured and complete Qian period which saw Gong Fu Tea at its best with a Small Meng Chen Zhuni Pot in most Gong Fu tea wares.   有趣的问题是：工夫茶是如何以及为什么在如此短的时间内成为如此复杂、完整和成熟的茶艺？ /崇祯晚期和康熙初期工夫茶的开始=<>40年） 当然，如果不是最大的原因，答案之一肯定是再次赚钱的巨大动力，尤其是在消耗金钱的战争造成的“饥饿”以及供应日本、南洋和欧洲等无法满足的外国市场的机会之后。同时自豪地向世界展示了特别是崇高的福建创造和中国伟大的茶文化。工夫茶是先因大商机而诞生，后变身为茶艺，还是反过来：先茶艺，再挖掘工夫茶具的市场潜力，转为大业。这些考古发现与大学和博物馆的中国茶文化专家一起，希望他们能够对这个不透明的过渡时期提供更多的启示和见解，而不是我们基于仅在任富收藏中发现的世界上最大的考古宝藏。而在只邀请博士研究人员、大学教授、学者和博物馆等嘉宾的独家展览中，我们将展示工夫茶的考古证据，它的福建创始人和壶号：387的福建主人。 最后但并非最不重要的一点是，为什么没有任何茶文化学者或历史学家记载的如此具有纪念意义和巨大成功的茶文化的功夫茶？是因为过渡时期的战争还是其他原因？无论如何，唯一有记载的工夫茶历史，是在1766年（乾隆三十一年）福建永安县知县写的一本名为《闽锁记》的书中，描述了茶的日常生活。那时喝福建老人，但不是更早，例如康熙初期或工夫茶创立前后。 注：我们的研究结果包括认识到工夫茶并不是突然间对茶艺或茶道知识的完整和成熟，也不是正式的或社会认可的茶艺或茶道，而是逐渐发展的。或围绕一个共同点——小孟臣朱泥壶的改进，从开国康熙时期到最成熟、最完整的乾隆时期，在大多数工夫茶具中，小孟臣朱泥壶是工夫茶的巅峰之作。